【我眼中的中國工匠】謝錫昌：想要做好水泛丸 就得用心用腦不惜力

工匠簡介：謝錫昌，男，1964年1月生，1988年進(jìn)入北京同仁堂制藥廠從事中藥製劑工作，2008年來到同仁堂藥店加工部從事手工泛制水丸工作，現(xiàn)任加工部水丸組班長。2018年被評為東城區(qū)級同仁堂手工泛制水丸非遺傳承人。2021年榮獲第二屆“北京大工匠”稱號。

Craftsman profile: Xichang Xie was born in January 1964, and became a member of Beijing Tong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory processing Chinese medicine in 1988. Since 2008, he has started making mass-produced watered pills in the Chinese medicine processing department of Tong Ren Tang Pharmacy. Currently, he heads the team making mass-produced watered pills. In 2018, he was recognized as Tong Ren Tang mass-produced watered pills intangible cultural heritage inheritor by Dongcheng District, Beijing. In 2021, in the 2nd "Great Artisan of Beijing" selection, he earned the title of "Great Artisan of Beijing".

中醫(yī)藥作為中華民族的偉大創(chuàng)造，是中華文明的瑰寶，在保障民生中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。如今隨著科技的不斷發(fā)展，大多數(shù)中藥都以規(guī)模化機(jī)器來生産，而對於有特殊病癥，有個性化用藥需求的患者來説，則需要由專門從事制藥工作的師傅來完成藥品的製作。水泛丸便是一種“因人而異”的中藥。小小一粒藥丸，含藥量高，便於吞服，利於保管存儲，在我國已有三百多年的歷史。當(dāng)今，手工泛制水丸這項技藝已少有人會，而謝錫昌作為北京市東城區(qū)級同仁堂手工泛制水丸非遺傳承人，擁有著十分精湛的技藝。

Chinese medicine is a creation by the wisdom of Chinese people, it helps people fend off illness and saves people’s lives. Contemporarily, technology enables most Chinese medicines produced by machines in scale, but for patients with rare diseases and personal medication needs, the medicines are made by the hands of Chinese medicine artisan. Mass-produced watered pills are handmade to cater to the personal need of a patient. The tiny pills contain high density of medicine. They are easy to swallow, and convenient for storage. The skill for making watered pills has 300 years of history in China. But nowadays, only a few people have that skill. Xichang Xie , a Tong Ren Tang mass-produced watered pills intangible cultural heritage inheritor recognized by Dongcheng District, Beijing, has a rare command of that skill.

2022年暑期，來自馬利的留學(xué)生張衣笙帶著來自盧安達(dá)的留學(xué)生孟可來到了位於北京東城區(qū)前門大街的北京同仁堂，這裡是水制泛丸工匠謝錫昌的工作地點(diǎn)。他們向謝錫昌學(xué)習(xí)了水泛丸製作，進(jìn)一步感受這項巧妙的技藝及其蘊(yùn)含的工匠精神。通過與謝錫昌的交談，國際學(xué)生們了解到水泛丸的製作雖然只需要竹匾、刷子、藥粉、黏合劑這四樣工具，但其操作時間可長達(dá)幾個小時，需要具有深厚的功底以及良好的體力、耐力。

In the summer of 2022, Yisheng Zhang , an international student from Mali, brought Ke Meng, an international student from Rwanda to Beijing Tong Ren Tang, located on Qianmen Street in the Dongcheng District of Beijing, to visit the workshop of Xichang Xie . They learned the skills of making watered pills with Xichang Xie and they were impressed by the artisanship. The conversation with Xichang Xie made Zhang and Meng realize, the making of watered pills seem to be simple as the materials required for making the pills are only the bamboo-made holder, the brush for sweeping the pills, medicinal powder and binding water, but the work actually needs more than that. It not only requires experience, but can take hours long for making one medicine, a challenge for both strength and patience.

在國際學(xué)生們的體驗過程中，謝錫昌首先進(jìn)行了示範(fàn)操作，輕巧而連貫的動作使張衣笙和孟可不禁連連讚嘆。刷水，上藥粉，隨後雙手握住竹匾搖轉(zhuǎn)幾下，再拿起刷子掃模子。這些看起來簡單的操作，實(shí)際操作起來卻讓張衣笙和孟可直呼“太難了”。

While teaching Zhang and Meng, Xichang Xie first gave them a demo. Zhang and Meng kept marveling at Xie’s skill while watching his deft moves of brushing the water, putting the powder, then shaking the bamboo-made holder with both hands and then using the brush to sweep the kernel. These operations seemed to be easy, but the actual performance made Zhang and Meng realize they were "really difficult".

談到學(xué)藝的經(jīng)歷，北京同仁堂藥店加工部高級技師趙桂華是謝錫昌的引路人。初學(xué)時，師傅的嚴(yán)厲教導(dǎo)曾讓謝錫昌有所不解，而隨著學(xué)習(xí)技藝的深入，他漸漸懂得了師傅的良苦用心。 “想要做好水泛丸，就得用心、用腦，不惜力。”師傅反覆叮囑的這句話，謝錫昌銘記至今。在這看似枯燥地泛制水丸的過程中，實(shí)際上沉澱下來的是一代代制藥匠人所傳承下來的鍥而不捨、追求卓越的精神。

Speaking of the old days learning the skill, Xichang Xie mentioned his master, Zhao Guihua, a senior artisan in the Chinese medicine processing department of Beijing Tong Ren Tang Pharmacy. At the start, Xie couldn’t understand why Zhao had to be so tough on him. As his learning went deeper, he came to understand the master's good heart. Xie bears in mind Zhao’s words, “One needs to use his mind, his heart and save no strength to make good watered pills.” The process of making watered pills seem tedious, but there is in it the spirit of perseverance and pursuit of excellence inherited from generations of pharmaceutical artisans.

在這次體驗中，國際學(xué)生們不僅學(xué)習(xí)了水泛丸製作的過程，更深刻體會到作為一名中藥泛丸工——謝錫昌的一片匠心。

This visit not only gave the international students a chance to learn the process of making mass-produced watered pills, but also left them an impression of Chinese artisanship embodied by Xichang Xie, a Chinese medicine watered pills handmaker.

指導(dǎo)單位：全國總工會新聞中心 北京市人民政府新聞辦公室

Instructor:The News Center of ACFTU   Information Office of Beijing Municipality

聯(lián)合出品：中國網(wǎng)際網(wǎng)路新聞中心 北京第二外國語學(xué)院

Produced by China International Information Center(CIIC) and Beijing International Studies University(BISU)

出品人：王曉輝

Presenter: Xiaohui Wang

總監(jiān)製：楊新華 張嚴(yán)

Executive Producer:Xinhua Yang　Yan Zhang 

總策劃：蔡曉娟 鞏琳萌 魯楠 白巖

Producer:Xiaojuan Cai　Linmeng Gong　Nan Lu　Yan Bai

執(zhí)行策劃：劉穎 馬憲超 栗衛(wèi)斌 徐興田

Line Producer:Ying Liu　Xianchao Ma　Weibin Li　Xingtian Xu 

攝製團(tuán)隊：高佳慧 劉愉麒 劉紫涵 楊昊 劉梓桐 周睿知 劉靖 柯安米 李苑童

Filming team:Jiahui Gao　Yuqi Liu　Zihan Liu　Hao Yang　Zitong Liu　Ruizhi Zhou　Jing Liu　Anmi Ke　Yuantong Li

宣發(fā)：雷瀅 李智

Publicist:  Ying Lei　Zhi Li

審譯：喬拓新 張艷玲

Translation: Tuoxin Qiao　Yanling Zhang 

後期製作： 趙超 吳狄 宋子龍

Post-Production: Chao Zhao　Di Wu　Zilong Song